- Inactivation of TPEF Gene by Aberrant Methylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
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Woon Bok Chung, Soon Young Kim, So Young Chun, Ku Seong Kang, Hae Ahm Lee, Joung Ok Kim, Ji Young Park, Yoon Kyung Sohn, Jung Wan Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(1):9-15.
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 Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Abnormalities of genomic methylation patterns have been shown to play a role in the development of carcinoma, and the silencing of tumor suppressor genes is related to local de novo methylation.
METHODS
Using methylation specific arbitrarily primed-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ms AP-PCR), we identified a 322 bp sequence that contained a 5' un-translated and exon1 regions of the TPEF gene. To evaluate the inactivation of the TPEF gene through hypermethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigated the correlation between methylation patterns and TPEF expression in tumor tissues of human HCC and cell lines via a Combined Bisulfite Restriction Assay (CoBRA) and RT-PCR.
RESULTS
A dense methylation pattern of the TPEF was detected in most cell lines, as well as in 10 of the 14 (71.4%) HCC tissues. In addition, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) from the TPEF gene was observed in 5 of the 14 (36%) HCC tissues. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis revealed TPEF expression in 5 of 8 (62.5%) cell lines. Finally, treatment with a demethylating agent, 5-Aza- 2'-deoxycitidine (5-AzaC), increased the expression of TPEF mRNA.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that inactivation of the TPEF gene through hypermethylation may be a mechanism by which tumorigenesis occurs in HCC.
- Microvessel Density and Expressions of bcl-2, p53, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Endometrial Carcinoma.
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Soon Young Kim, Hae Jin Jeong, Myeng Sun Park, Bang Hur
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(5):401-407.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Recent studies have shown that oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The inverse role of bcl-2 and p53 in endometrial carcinomas has been debated. Moreover, their roles in angiogenesis as well as the interrelationship between prognostic clinico-pathological factors and angiogenesis have not been elucidated in endometrial carcinomas.
METHODS
The expression rates of bcl-2, p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in thirty-eight cases of surgically removed endometrial carcinomas were investigated using an avidin-biotin complex method of immunohistochemistry. CD34 immunostain for microvessel density (MVD) was also performed.
RESULTS
The expression rate of bcl-2 was higher in the endometrioid type carcinoma (43.8%) than in the non-endometriod type carcinoma (16.7%). There was a significantly increased bcl-2 expression in grade I compared to grades II and III (P<0.05). The p53 expression rate was significantly higher in the non-endometriod type carcinoma than in the endometrioid type carcinoma (P<0.05).The VEGF expression rate was higher in the non-endometriod type carcinoma (83.3%) than in the endometrioid carcinoma (28.1%). Differences of MVD according to stages, histological types, grades and bcl-2, p53 and VEGF expressions were not noted.
CONCLUSIONS
The expression rate of bcl-2 increases in the low grade endometrial carcinoma more than in the high grade one, so it may be suggested that bcl-2 expression could be used for an ancillary prognosticator. However, p53 and VEGF expressions and microvessel density may not have any prognostic value.
- Balloon Cell Malignant Melanoma: A case report.
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Ji Young Seo, Soon Young Kim, Jeong Hee Kang, Young Ok Kim, Bang Hur
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(7):537-539.
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- Balloon cell malignant melanoma (BCMM) is a rare histologic variant of malignant melanoma, which is composed either predominantly or entirely of large clear or foamy cells. The incidence of balloon cell malignant melanoma is about 0.15% of all cutaneous malignant melanomas. Recently, we experienced a case of cutaneous balloon cell malignant melanoma in the right lower abdomen with right inguinal and both axillary lymph node metastasis in a 56-year-old man. The cutaneous lesion was 4.5 3.5 cm in size, a well-demarcated black nodular mass, involving abdominal skin and subcutaneous tissue. The tumor was histologically composed of two types of tumor cells: predominant clear cell and focal, pigmented spindle cell. The nodal lesion was composed entirely of clear cells. Both clear and spindle cells showed positive reaction for S-100 protein and HMB-45 on immunohistochemistry.
- The Effect of Aminoguanidine and Insulin on the Development of Insulitis and the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Multiple Low Dose Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice.
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Hee Kyung Chang, Ji Young Suh, Young Sik Choi, Soon Young Kim, Chang Hyun Yoo, Bang Hur, Yo Han Park
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(6):415-421.
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- In this study the effect of insulin and aminoguanidine on the expression of iNOS and the development of insulitis in the multiple low dose streptozotocin (SZ) induced diabetic (LDSD) mice was evaluated. Eighty mice (Charles-River CD-1 mice) were divided into four groups. Group I received SZ for five days.
Group II received SZ for five days and was followed by insulin treatment. Group III received SZ for five days and was followed by aminoguanidine treatment. Group IV was normal control group. The blood glucose level and body weight were measured weekly. On the 35th day, pancreat ic sections were observed to evaluate the frequency and the severity of insulitis in addition to the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS in the pancreatic islets. Blood glucose levels of group IV were significantly lower than other experimental groups on the 21st, 28th, and 35th day. The difference in blood glucose levels was not statistically significant. Incidence of the insulitis was lower in group II than in groups I and III. The severity of insulitis correlated with the increase in blood glucose level only in group II.
The expression of iNOS was more pronounced in group I than in groups II and III.
Aminoguanidine did not inhibit development of the insulitis but decreased expression of iNOS in the pancreatic islets. Therefore it is speculated that iNOS production is one of the factors and other pathogenetic mechanisms might be involved in the development of insulitis.
- Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Congenital Megacolon.
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Soon Young Kim, Jeong Kee Seo, Kwi Won Park, Woo Ki Kim, Je G Chi
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(1):40-51.
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- This study is based on 155 patients of congenital me colon.
For the diagnosis, 93 cases were histologically proven and the remaining 63 cases were diagnosed on clinical basis including barium enema or surgical gross findings. On histologic examination, 80 cases(86%) showed typical features of absence of ganglion cell in the myenteric plexus and the 13 cases(14%) had atypical features which were segmental absence Of ganglion cell in one case. There we 127 males(82%) and 28 females(18%). The age at diagnosis was younger than 30 days in 87 cases(56%), I month to 1 year in 39 cases(25%) and older than I year in 29 cases(18%). The levels of aganglionosis were variable: short segment (rectosigmoid) in 134 cases(86%), intermediate segment (more proximal colon) in 14 cases(100%). and 6 cases(4%) had total aganglionosis. Common clinical presentations were abdominal distention, delayed meconium passage or bilious vomiting in neonate, and chronic constipation in infancy or childhood.
Following initial colostomy or ileostomy, a definitive procedure was performed in 151 cases(Duhamel type in 150 cases; Soave type in 2 cases; Swenson type in 3 cases).
Frequently associated problems after definitive procedure were persistent constipation(ll%) due to septum formation, fecaloma, remnant aganglionic segment and rectal stenosis.
Overall mortality rate was 4%, and increased mortality was associated with enterocolitis(14%) which was the most frequent cause of death. The follow-up study longer than 3 months was available in 138 patients who underwent a definitive procedure(mean 2 year 11 months). Seventy-three cases(53%) had normal bowel function, 38cases(27.5%) had occasionally used enema or stool softners, and 27 cases(19.5%) had severe constipation or soiling. The bowel habit improved with time, and were considered normal in 60% of patients after follow-up more than 3 years. The results of definitive procedures for congenital megacolon including Duhamel operation was satisfactory, and long-term follow-up appeared an important and critical component of patients'care.
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